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| Sonography Principles and Instrumentation Exam |
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Exam Content Outline
The American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers publishes its exam outlines and other important information on its website ( www.ARDMS.org). Visit the site for complete information about applying for and taking the registry examinations. The outline for each exam indicates the approximate percentage of the exam that a particular topic represents. This information is important because it indicates the relative importance of each topic and allows you to study more effectively. For example, the topic of patient care represents 8%–12% of the Sonography Principles and Instrumentation exam, whereas pulse-echo instrumentation represents 25%–30%.
The complete outline for the forthcoming Sonography Principles and Instrumentation examination appears below.
| I. Patient care, safety and communication (8%–12%) |
A. Patient identification / documentation
B. Patient interaction
C. Verification of requested examination
D. Emergency situations
E. Universal precautions
F. Bioeffects and ALARA |
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II. Physics principles (18%–22%) |
A. Properties of ultrasound waves
B. Interactions of sound with tissue
C. Power, intensity, and amplitude
D. Units of measurement |
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III. Ultrasound transducers (15%–20%) |
A. Transducer construction and characteristics
B. Transducer types (sector, linear, phased arrays, etc.)
C. Spatial resolution
D. Transducer selection |
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IV. Pulse-echo instrumentation (25%–30%) |
A. Display modes and their formation (A-mode, B-mode, M-mode, 3-D, etc.)
B. Transmission of ultrasound
C. Reception of ultrasound (preprocessing)
D. Beam former
E. Postprocessing of ultrasound signals
F. Pulse-echo imaging artifacts
G. Tissue harmonic imaging
H. Realtime ultrasound instrumentation
I. Recording and storage devices |
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V. Doppler instrumentation and hemodynamics (15%–20%) |
A. Doppler effect
B. Factors influencing the magnitude of the Doppler shift frequency
C. Continuous wave and pulsed wave Doppler
D. Doppler PRF, Nyquist limit and aliasing
E. Color flow imaging
F. Power Doppler imaging
G. Duplex Doppler imaging
H. Spectral analysis
I. Doppler artifacts
J. Hemodynamics (laminar and turbulent flow, velocity profiles, energy, etc.) |
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VI. Quality assurance / quality control of equipment (8%–12%) |
A. Preventive maintenance
B. Malfunctions
C. Performance testing with phantoms |
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